关于硬盘的使用指导(linux主机)


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    • linux主机磁盘分区格式化并挂载(以centos6.8为例)
      0_1531715616865_upload-40ea7907-050b-41a0-ada2-733723a01400

    1、创建一块20G硬盘通过控制台加载到主机(步骤省略)
    2、登陆到linux主机(步骤省略)
    3、使用fdisk -l命令列出所有磁盘信息,找到新增的磁盘盘符sdc,sda表示系统盘
    [root@i-pn7p9g0k ~]# fdisk -l
    Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000ee761

    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
    /dev/sda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux

    Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    34 heads, 61 sectors/track, 1011 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 2074 * 512 = 1061888 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 20480 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    4、使用fdisk /dev/sdc命令对磁盘分区格式化,依次输入n p 1 回车两次,按w保存
    [root@i-pn7p9g0k ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x914d91f4.
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    After that, of course, the previous content won’t be recoverable.

    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to
    switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to
    sectors (command ‘u’).

    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
    e extended
    p primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-20480, default 1):
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-20480, default 20480):
    Using default value 20480

    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!

    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    5、使用fdisk -l命令 查看分区是否创建完成
    Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 20480 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x914d91f4

    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
    /dev/sdc1 1 20480 20971504 83 Linux

    6、执行partprobe命令,将新的分区表变更同步至操作系统。
    [root@i-pn7p9g0k ~]# partprobe
    Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (Device or resource busy). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
    7、使用mkfs命令对磁盘分区sdc1进行格式化,比如格式化成ext4格式
    [root@i-pn7p9g0k ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
    mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Discarding device blocks: done
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
    1310720 inodes, 5242876 blocks
    262143 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
    160 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
    8192 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
    4096000

    Writing inode tables: done
    Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
    8、使用mkdir命令创建一个挂载目录 /mnt/sdc
    mkdir -p /mnt/sdc
    9、使用mount命令将磁盘分区挂载到目录
    mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc
    10、使用df命令查看挂载结果
    [root@i-pn7p9g0k ~]# df -TH
    Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/sda1 ext4 22G 858M 20G 5% /
    tmpfs tmpfs 523M 0 523M 0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sdc1 ext4 22G 47M 20G 1% /mnt/sdc

    • linux主机磁盘分区设置UUID自动挂载(以centos6.8为例)
      1、blkid /dev/sdc1” 命令,得到磁盘的 UUID
      [root@i-pn7p9g0k ~]# blkid /dev/sdc1
      /dev/sdc1: UUID=“f933290c-8266-4f3b-95ca-e19e36eb2b05” TYPE="ext4"
      2、使用vi命令编辑fstab文件,在最后一行添加以下内容
      UUID=f933290c-8266-4f3b-95ca-e19e36eb2b05 /mnt/sdc ext4 defaults 0
      0_1531717055706_upload-ec4dc785-26fe-4109-85fc-93adb6fa5ac7

    • linux主机磁盘分区设置磁盘扩容(以centos6.8为例)
      1、登陆到主机,执行umount命令卸载硬盘
      [root@i-pn7p9g0k ~]# umount /dev/sdc1
      [root@i-pn7p9g0k ~]# df -hT
      Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
      /dev/sda1 ext4 20G 887M 18G 5% /
      tmpfs tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
      2、通过控制台卸载硬盘,并扩容硬盘的容量
      0_1531717319208_upload-e2c8e717-28ce-49a4-b89d-bcedfb086b4c
      0_1531717380479_upload-3312da0f-ea27-4071-8ade-9b2abbde081c
      3、主机加载扩容以后的硬盘
      0_1531718507612_upload-35955ffc-48b9-4af1-9088-250c3a236b35
      4、使用fdisk -l命令列出磁盘的信息
      [root@i-pn7p9g0k ~]# fdisk -l

    Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000ee761

    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
    /dev/sda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux

    Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    34 heads, 61 sectors/track, 1011 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 2074 * 512 = 1061888 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    Disk /dev/sdc: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
    64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 102400 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x914d91f4

    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
    /dev/sdc1 1 20480 20971504 83 Linux
    5、执行fdisk /dev/sdc命令之后,进入fdisk分区工具,并输入“ d”,删除原来的分区sdc1
    [root@i-pn7p9g0k ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to
    switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to
    sectors (command ‘u’).

    Command (m for help): d
    Selected partition 1
    备注:删除分区不会导致数据盘内数据的丢失
    6、输入“ n”,按“ Enter”,开始新建分区。输入“ n”表示新增一个分区。
    表示磁盘有两种分区类型:
    “ p”表示主要分区。
    “ e”表示扩展分区。

    7、依次输入p,此处分区类型需要与原分区保持一致,以原分区类型是主要分区为例,输入“ p”,按“ Enter”,开始重新创建一个主分区。
    8、输入分区编号,此处分区编号需要与原分区保持一致,以原分区编号是“ 1”为例,输入分区编号“ 1”,按“ Enter”。
    “ First sector”表示初始磁柱值。
    “ Last sector”表示截止磁柱值。
    请注意以下操作会导致数据丢失:
    1、选择的初始磁柱值与原分区的不一致。
    2、 选择的截止磁柱值小于原分区的值

    9、输入起始磁柱值,此处必须与原分区保持一致,以步骤1中记录的初始磁柱值1为例,按“ Enter”。
    10、输入截止磁柱值,此处截止磁柱值应大于等于步骤1中记录的截止磁柱值,以选择默认截止磁柱值102400为例,按“ Enter”。并输入w回车保存
    [root@i-sr6scmbn ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It’s strongly recommended to
    switch off the mode (command ‘c’) and change display units to
    sectors (command ‘u’).

    Command (m for help): d
    Selected partition 1

    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
    e extended
    p primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-102400, default 1): 1
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-102400, default 102400): 102400

    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!

    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.

    11、使用fdisk -l命令查看新建分区的详细信息
    [root@i-sr6scmbn ~]# fdisk -l

    Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000ee761

    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
    /dev/sda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux

    Disk /dev/sdb: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
    34 heads, 61 sectors/track, 1011 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 2074 * 512 = 1061888 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    Disk /dev/sdc: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
    64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 102400 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x25b0ff4a

    Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
    /dev/sdc1 1 102400 104857584 83 Linux

    12、执行e2fsck -f命令,检查“ /dev/sdc1”文件系统的正确性。
    [root@i-sr6scmbn ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/sdc1
    e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
    Pass 2: Checking directory structure
    Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
    Pass 4: Checking reference counts
    Pass 5: Checking group summary information
    /dev/sdc1: 11/1310720 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 126289/5242876 blocks
    13、执行resize2fs命令,扩展“ /dev/sdc1”文件系统的大小。
    [root@i-sr6scmbn ~]# resize2fs /dev/sdc1
    resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Resizing the filesystem on /dev/sdc1 to 26214396 (4k) blocks.
    The filesystem on /dev/sdc1 is now 26214396 blocks long.
    14、执行mount命令,将新建分区挂载到“ /mnt/sdc”目录下
    mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc
    15、使用df命令,查看“ /dev/sdc1”分区挂载结果
    [root@i-sr6scmbn ~]# df -hT
    Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/sda1 ext4 20G 790M 18G 5% /
    tmpfs tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sdc1 ext4 99G 60M 94G 1% /mnt/sdc


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